{"id":164,"date":"2006-10-12T12:20:14","date_gmt":"2006-10-12T10:20:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/freebsdparatodos.r-o-o-t.net\/2006\/10\/12\/o-sistema-de-ports-parte-1\/"},"modified":"2006-10-12T12:20:14","modified_gmt":"2006-10-12T10:20:14","slug":"o-sistema-de-ports-parte-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/2006\/10\/12\/o-sistema-de-ports-parte-1\/","title":{"rendered":"O sistema de ports (parte 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

O primeiro arti\u00adgo \u00e9 sobre o sis\u00adtema de ports<\/em>, pois esta \u00e9 con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ada\u00adda uma das mel\u00adhores car\u00adac\u00adter\u00eds\u00adti\u00adcas do FreeB\u00adSD (e de todos os BSD<\/span> em exist\u00ean\u00adcia, emb\u00ado\u00adra o FreeB\u00adSD dispon\u00adha de mais, o fun\u00adciona\u00admen\u00adto \u00e9 em tudo igual nos sis\u00adtemas BSD<\/span> que dis\u00adp\u00f5em de ports<\/em>, o FreeB\u00adSD, NetB\u00adSD, OpenB\u00adSD e DragonFlyBSD).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Qual\u00adquer pes\u00adsoa com con\u00adhec\u00adi\u00admen\u00adtos de insta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o de soft\u00adware<\/em> livre (ou qual\u00adquer out\u00adro dis\u00adtribu\u00ed\u00addo na for\u00adma de c\u00f3di\u00adgo fonte) em Unix sabe os pas\u00adsos que tem que dar at\u00e9 con\u00adseguir ou per\u00admi\u00adtir aos ser uti\u00adlizadores usarem a dita apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o. Com certeza que \u00e9 famil\u00adiar o ciclo .\/configure<\/em>, make<\/em> e make install<\/em>. \u00c9 uma tare\u00adfa por vezes n\u00e3o-triv\u00adial, dado que por vezes \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio per\u00adcor\u00adrer a lista de op\u00e7\u00f5es de con\u00adfig\u00adu\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o (nor\u00admal\u00admente com o coman\u00addo .\/configure \u2013help<\/em>) at\u00e9 con\u00adseguirmos afi\u00adnar a apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s nos\u00adsas neces\u00adsi\u00addades. Al\u00e9m do mais, a maior parte das vezes a apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o que quer\u00ade\u00admos insta\u00adlar depende de out\u00adras apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00f5es ou bib\u00adliote\u00adcas que tam\u00adb\u00e9m \u00e9 pre\u00adciso com\u00adpi\u00adlar e insta\u00adlar. Para com\u00adplicar ain\u00adda mais, nem todas as apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00f5es se insta\u00adlam da mes\u00adma forma.<\/p>\n

Foi para facil\u00adi\u00adtar isto que com a ver\u00ads\u00e3o 2.0 do FreeB\u00adSD pas\u00adsou a ter dispon\u00edv\u00adel a \u00c1rvore de ports<\/em><\/strong> (em ingl\u00eas, ports tree<\/strong><\/em>). Com ports<\/em> \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edv\u00adel esque\u00adcer\u00admo-nos das depend\u00ean\u00adcias de uma dada apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o. O sis\u00adtema de ports<\/em> tra\u00adta de tudo, come\u00e7an\u00addo com a trans\u00adfer\u00ad\u00ean\u00adcia do ficheiro con\u00adtendo o c\u00f3di\u00adgo fonte, con\u00adfig\u00adu\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o, com\u00adpi\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o e insta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o. At\u00e9 \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edv\u00adel faz\u00ader uma gest\u00e3o de pacotes b\u00e1sica.<\/p>\n

Fisi\u00adca\u00admente, os ports<\/em> n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais que ficheiros nor\u00admal\u00admente insta\u00adl\u00ada\u00addos com os sis\u00adtemas BSD<\/span> que per\u00admitem autom\u00ada\u00adti\u00adzar a insta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o de soft\u00adware<\/em> que n\u00e3o faz ofi\u00adcial\u00admente parte do mesmo.A \u00e1rvore de ports<\/span> \u00e9 nor\u00admal\u00admente insta\u00adl\u00ada\u00adda no direc\u00adt\u00f3rio \/usr\/ports<\/span>. Den\u00adtro deste poder\u00ade\u00admos ver direc\u00adt\u00f3rios como net<\/span>, sys<\/span>, www<\/span>, etc. Estes servem para agru\u00adpar as apli\u00adca\u00e7\u00f5es em cat\u00ade\u00adgo\u00adrias. Por exem\u00adp\u00adlo, den\u00adtro do direc\u00adt\u00f3rio www<\/span> poder\u00ade\u00admos encon\u00adtrar um out\u00adro chama\u00addo apache2<\/span>, que n\u00e3o \u00e9 mais nada que o port<\/span> para o Apache HTTP<\/span> Serv\u00ader 2.0.<\/p>\n

O uso mais fre\u00adquentes para os ports<\/em> \u00e9 insta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o de soft\u00adware<\/em>. Supon\u00adhamos que quer\u00edamos insta\u00adlar o Apache HTTP<\/span> Serv\u00ader 2.0. Para tal, bas\u00adta fazer
\n# cd \/usr\/ports\/www\/apache2<\/code>
\n# make install<\/code>
\nTo enable a module category: WITH__MODULES<\/code>
\nTo disable a module category: WITHOUT__MODULES<\/code>
\nPer default categories are: AUTH DAV MISC<\/code>
\nCategories available: AUTH DAV EXPERIMENTAL LDAP MISC PROXY SSL SUEXEC THREADS<\/code>
\nTo see all available knobs, type make show-options<\/code>
\nTo see all modules in different categories, type make show-categories<\/code>
\nYou can check your modules configuration by using make show-modules<\/code>
\nTo save apache.org bandwidth, please use the closest mirror.<\/code>
\nHit Ctrl+C now and do a make print-closest-mirrors.<\/code>
\nTo automatically update \/etc\/make.conf do: make print-closest-mirrors >> \/etc\/make.conf<\/code>
\n===> Vulnerability check disabled, database not found<\/code>
\n===> Extracting for apache-2.0.59<\/code>
\n=> MD5 Checksum OK for apache2\/httpd-2.0.59.tar.bz2.<\/code>
\n=> SHA256 Checksum OK for apache2\/httpd-2.0.59.tar.bz2.<\/code>
\n=> MD5 Checksum OK for apache2\/powerlogo.gif.<\/code>
\n=> SHA256 Checksum OK for apache2\/powerlogo.gif.<\/code>
\n===> apache-2.0.59 depends on file: \/usr\/local\/bin\/perl5.8.8 - found<\/code>
\nComo se pode ver, mes\u00admo o apache tem depend\u00ean\u00adcias, neste caso o Perl 5.8.8. Caso n\u00e3o o tivesse insta\u00adl\u00ada\u00addo o meu sis\u00adtema faria a insta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o do Perl antes de prosseguir com a do Apache.Ap\u00f3s ter con\u00adclu\u00ed\u00addo, ficare\u00admos com o Apache2 insta\u00adl\u00ada\u00addo e pron\u00adto a cor\u00adrer. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio, obvi\u00ada\u00admente, con\u00adfig\u00adu\u00adrar o soft\u00adware<\/em> \u00e0 nos\u00adsa medi\u00adda, mas de qual\u00adquer for\u00adma, o sis\u00adtema de ports<\/em> facili\u00adta muito a vida de qual\u00adquer admin\u00adistrador de sistemas.<\/p>\n

Com isto con\u00adcluo a 1\u00aa parte deste arti\u00adgo. Na 2\u00aa parte vou dar mais umas dicas sobre o sis\u00adtema de ports<\/em> bem como algu\u00admas fun\u00adcional\u00adi\u00addades n\u00e3o t\u00e3o conhecidas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O primeiro arti\u00adgo \u00e9 sobre o sis\u00adtema de ports, pois esta \u00e9 con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ada\u00adda uma das mel\u00adhores car\u00adac\u00adter\u00eds\u00adti\u00adcas do FreeB\u00adSD (e de todos os BSD<\/span> em exist\u00ean\u00adcia, emb\u00ado\u00adra o FreeB\u00adSD dispon\u00adha de mais, o fun\u00adciona\u00admen\u00adto \u00e9 em tudo igual nos sis\u00adtemas \u2026 Con\u00adtin\u00aduar a ler \u2192<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-freebsd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trindade.myphotos.cc\/receitasinformaticas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}